Due to the inherent uncertainty and potential disruptions in the supply chain, the global community is adopting a more cautious approach to meeting its energy needs. Climate change, material availability, and recycling for sustainability are also pressing issues. The material processing industries, which encompass activities such as mining ore, extracting materials, melting them, and manufacturing components, require a large amount of energy. These industries often include a heat treatment process as part of the manufacturing process, which can be a major energy consumer. For example, heat treatment can account for 20% of energy usage in a non-ferrous foundry. Pre-heating and heat treatment also requires a significant amount of energy in the ferrous-based industry. In this work, our goal is to increase the efficiency of energy usage in these industries through the use of machine learning models to optimize processes. We will analyze the processes in these industries and create machine learning models to identify the optimal operating parameters for the best output with minimal energy consumption.

Waste management and energy crisis are some of the greatest issues that the world is facing today. This problem can be mitigated by anaerobic digestion (AD), where microorganisms in the absence of oxygen produce biogas from organic waste. A useful tool for AD process understanding and optimization is numerical simulation by using mechanistically inspired mathematical models. In this paper, attention is focused on the impact of trace elements in the AD process of a full-scale biogas plant. Special emphasis is put on the optimization of concentrations of trace elements, which are added into the bioreactor in order to improve the produced biogas quantity and quality. Numerical simulation of the AD process is performed by a complex self-developed BioModel, where 187 model parameters are calibrated using an active set optimization procedure. The agreement of the obtained results of numerical simulation in a single CSTR and the measured AD performance over a period of one year, confirms the reliability of the used BioModel and the efficiently of the active set optimization procedure build around a gradient-based algorithm. In order to optimize the amount of added trace elements, three different cases involving various objective and constraints functions are defined. The obtained results show that the optimized amounts of added trace elements enhance the produced biogas essentially by keeping the quality of the biogas within the desired limits. The optimization procedure is numerically efficient, especially if the computation of design derivatives is parallelized.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a strong potential for renewable energy due to its location within the “global sun belt” range. Recently, KSA has paid more attention to this field, ultimately launching the National Renewable Energy Program (NREP) with a total capacity of up to 58.7 GW; composed mainly of solar and wind energy. Solar energy (PV), in particular, is expected to reach 40 GW by 2030. Due to the Kingdom’s desert climate, one of the concerns that might affect NREP is soiling from dust, leaves, pollen, and bird droppings that ensues negative effects on solar power production. The paper will investigate the effects of soiling on solar power production through simulating real power plants using PVsyst Software in three different climate zones in Saudi Arabia. Finally, the effect of soiling on the Levelized Cost of Energy LCOE and the financial analysis are also discussed.

Threat of weaponized electromagnetic pulse is of increasing concern especially regarding the operation of the electrical power system. In this study, computational electromagnetic simulations are conducted to develop an understanding of the interaction between a structure and plane wave electromagnetic radiation. Field results are numerically calculated using the method of moments and are formulated into a transfer function to determine the attenuation provided by the structure. Variables are altered and compared to determine criticality. The results obtained from this study serve as a collection of general observations which can be extended to more complicated simulations.

Millions across India use electric lights. The lighting market has increased exponentially over the years due to rapid population growth, more dwelling units, the concept of intelligent lighting, and electrification at remote places. In Fiscal Year 2020-21, India manufactured about 1.3 billion lamps and tube lights. The lighting segment consumes approximately 18% of total electricity use in the residential sector.

Energy-efficient lighting is one of the most cost-effective measures to address the impacts of growing electricity demand from the sector. In Fiscal Year 2014-15, most Indians uses incandescent bulbs, which dominated the market at close to 60% followed by fluorescent lamps and tube lights at 40%, whereas the LED market was less than 1%. The adoption of efficient LED lighting was slow due to the high price of the bulb. Recognizing this, India enabled the growth in LED market demand with various efficiency programs, mass procurement exercises, and providing incentives, these resulted in an increase of its market by close to 56% in Fiscal Year 2020-21 and declined the share of incandescent bulbs to 36%, thus fluorescent lighting to 7%. Moreover, last year India committed to the phaseout of compact fluorescent lamps by 2025 and fluorescent tube lights by 2027 at Minamata Convention to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. These envisage an opportunity to India for replacing fluorescent lights with LED lighting and lay out action plans to shift from inefficient incandescent bulbs to LED bulbs.

This paper analyses and discusses the India lighting programs, efficiency policies, trends in market growth, technology evolution, the market transformation toward efficient lighting, and the opportunities to develop new efficiency policies that drive the market, resulting in to promote of 100% LED lighting, further assess its impacts of energy saving and GHG emissions reduction potential.

Free-floating shared e-scooter (FFSE) programs have been widely promoted around the world in the past few years, but its impact on the environment remains unclear. This study quantitatively estimates the impact of FFSE promotion on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. Specifically, based on the actual operation characteristics of the FFSE fleet and the user travel behavior data, it empirically investigates the GHG emissions reduction effect of FFES programs on the urban transportation in 20 cities around the Europe and North America. The results show that FFSE was not an environmentally friendly transport mode and has not achieved desirable environmental benefits. The average life cycle GHG emission intensity of FFSE was about 150 –600 g CO 2 -eq/pkm, resulting in an average increase of about 41–480 g CO 2 -eq per kilometer of FFSE trip. The vehicle manufacturing was the primary source of GHG emissions during the life cycle of shared e-scooter, followed by the rebalancing, collection and recharging activities. Sensitivity analysis shows that short service life and low daily turnover rate of the shared e-scooter are the key factors affecting the environmental sustainability of FFSE. In addition, it is worth noting that the regional differences in the operating characteristics and development status of the FFSE market and the corresponding environmental impacts vary greatly. Therefore, authorities should formulate appropriate FFSE plans based on the current geography and market situation and the urban transportation development objectives. This empirical study helps to better understand the environmental impact of the FFSE program and offers valuable references for improving urban sustainability.

The project describes an innovative sustainable approach of redevelopment of an inert quarry present in the city of Matera in the concept of sustainable oasis of research, a true emblem of the sustainable development goals of the UN 2030 Agenda and the Faro Convention. Said approach, in addition to considering the construction of buildings without any volumetric impact and the reintegration of local flora and fauna, offers within it temporary traveling laboratories for experimentation, articulated runways for drones, construction sites to simulate action in workplaces through modern self-driving robots, an astronomical observatory, laboratories for the redevelopment of materials in the form of new street furniture, laboratories for the production of biogas, and examples of architecture through the use of smart materials. All told to investors through the revolutionary form of the “Realverse,” sustainability metaverse, which is a revolutionary platform for Open Innovation.

The research work shows an innovative approach based on smart honeycomb for air quality monitoring conveniently installed inside the hood of a vehicle (named “GRETACAR”) by acquiring air from the radiator compartment. The innovative system acquires air and analyzes through its sensors its critical components providing through real-time interconnection data on detected pollutants. A green approach already in its form, in fact, it recalls the bee’s nest both as an emblem of the contribution made by bees to the life of the planet and for the characteristic of appropriately channeling air to the sensors. The project responds perfectly to several goals of the UN 2030 agenda such as 9, 11 and 13.

The influence of coastal velocity is rarely considered in the determination of wave run-up parameters in river embankment design. Physical model tests of river embankment wave run-up under the combined action of incident wave and coastal current were conducted in a wave harbor pool, and the influence of coastal velocity on wave run-up characteristics was studied. The results show that the coastal velocity has a significant effect on the wave run-up of the river embankment. Under the same incident wave height level, the larger the coastal velocity is, the smaller the wave run-up will be, and as the incident wave height increases, the absolute value of the coastal velocity to the wave run-up will decrease more obviously. Under the same level of coastal velocity, the higher the incident wave height is, the higher the wave run-up will be, and as the coastal velocity increases, the reduction of wave run-up will also be greater. Two parameters, the wave run-up reduction coefficient and the wave current factor, have a good quadratic relationship. With the increase of wave current factor, the wave run-up reduction coefficient KU shows a decreasing trend. The empirical formula obtained by fitting can provide important scientific reference for river embankment design.

The paper shows in an original way the experience of sustainable and empathetic furniture design through an innovative desk that is a combination of processing and materials that follow DSNH prin(e.g., wood and natural mastics) and materials obtained through recovery and redevelopment of materials from production waste (e.g., peanut). The form of the furniture element also follows the concept of empathic-formative design, in that it itself must contribute to comfort through aesthetics as well, and makes use of the integration into it of the presence of tillandsias, plants that do not require soil, blend seamlessly into the furniture and reduce humidity in the environment. The desk also features electronics with appropriately shielded components and appropriately managed authentication mechanisms through audio data over to reduce electromagnetic impact.

India is very rich in metals and minerals and states like Rajasthan have large number of metal industries which generates Imperial smelting furnace slag (ISF) in enormous quantity and already a enormous quantity of ISF is stockpiled due to disposal issues.ISF contains hazardous materials like lead and Zinc needs to be immediately disposed for environmental safety. The rapidly increasing construction activities has increased generation of waste materials like marble waste powder (WMP) and Construction & demolition waste ( C & D waste). These materials poses disposal issues due to non biodegradability and toxic nature. The stockpiling of enormous quantities of these wastes could be a serious environmental threat in the coming decade. This research work addresses this aspect by replacing fine aggregate with a combination of ISF slag and WMP in percentage varying from 0 % to 20 %, and replacing coarse aggregates by C &D waste by 20 %. The second aim is to analytically model the manufactured concrete using experimental test results for assessment of seismic vulnerability. To achieve this 300 RC building frames made with ISF slag concrete were modeled and analyzed in E-Tabs software and we subjected to an ensemble of 100 ground motions. The review of seismic design codes shows that material composition and irregularity is not considered in proposing rules to estimate seismic behavior. The authors are proposing a new index to determine the same. The proposed index is used to frame new design methodologies for buildings made with ISF slag concrete. Finally this paper aims to assessment the environmental benefit of incorporating the industrial wastes in concrete.

This innovative approach aims to protect and implement a totally “green” aesthetic solution of gas cylinder housing with related system with valve and wind support for residual gas pressure recovery in view of electrical storage. The entire housing is characterized by the presence of mosses/plants that serve to integrate the housing into an indoor or outdoor context and further convey green message. The system implements the technique of the invention patent “Plant for transformation into energy of pressurized gas subject to replacement by regulatory obligation and waste gas no longer usable in the production process” filed by the company L’;Antincendio and pursues the goals of the UN 2030 agenda.

The objective of this research is to propose an architectural design of an Environmental Awareness Center that allows the regeneration of the soils in Puerto Maldonado used by illegal mining, being the sectors most affected by the change in the use of pre-established soils, damaging biodiversity. of the nearby natural reserves, impacting on the water networks, soil and environment. In the methodology, a historical and physical analysis was carried out, taking into account the natural environment, using the bioclimatic chart (Olgyay, Givoni – Milne) and the Mahoney table, as well as the application of sustainable design strategies (thermal, lighting, acoustic comfort). , visual), supported by digital tools. As a result, the proposal obtained 20% for the built area (1 ha.), while 80% for landscaping treatment (4 ha.), used for conservation dedicated to Chestnut trees; valuable species for the region, being accompanied by an infrastructure for the development of research, recreation and culture. Promoting ecotourism through rehabilitated spaces. Taking advantage of the harmed context, using design criteria together with sustainable and climate strategies. In conclusion, the proposal allows to generate environmental awareness, identity and reflection about the importance of environmental preservation. Thus contributing to the solid permanence of our natural and ecological biodiversity.

The paper shows an innovative approach to preserving the memory of historical archives using the potential offered by the Web3. This approach, in fact, by making use of the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) protocol, makes it possible to ensure the availability of historical data without the risk of losing access to the same due to hosting renewals not done or unavailable servers. This approach is therefore revolutionary for historical archives of institutions and associations and also for ensuring transparency of records. This approach thus meets the sustainability goals of the UN 2030 Agenda on Innovation (9) and Justice (16). Moreover, together with the encryption applied to it (with keys also saved in IPFS) the approach turns out to ensure a good level of confidentiality as well. Both the level of availability and confidentiality are estimated through rigorous mathematical approach that takes into account the number of nodes in the IPFS detected by crawler at a given time.

The objective of this research is to propose a prototype of a stilt house that improves the comfort of the inhabitants, the disorderly growth of houses, the constant flooding and excessive pollution in the area; For the climate analysis, bioclimatic strategies were applied in the design (thermal, lighting, acoustic and visual comfort) of the user, in addition to the use of digital tools (Revit, Sketchup and ecotec). As a result, the proposal contemplates a use of houses, in which the use of a gabled roof has been implemented that allows the residual drainage of rainwater, the use of cross ventilation will help to reduce the temperature inside the the house, in addition the use of gutters that have a drainage and purification system for rainwater is implemented, finally the implementation of eaves will help generate shaded spaces avoiding the increase in temperature, there will also be spaces for circulation and social areas for meeting. This proposal allows the improvement of the quality of life of the inhabitants of Belén due to the present bioclimatic strategies and their contribution in the revaluation of tourism in the area.

This presentation is about a novel gas compressor (SARC) smaller and lighter than any commercially available compressor. SARC is ideal for heavy-duty industries, but also small and medium applications. Its internal cooling process through travelling pressure waves inside the compression chamber allows for a single-stage compression process where today the industry uses multi-stage compressors. The presentation will focus on the design details that make this machine unique and able to reach efficiencies of more than 90%, with a size and weight that is more than 4 times smaller and lower than the conventional compressors, and a maintenance need defined only by the bearings and its PTFE seals life span.

As global steel demand increases after the pandemic, competition in the steel industry has intensified, and it is necessary to secure product competitiveness. This study aims to product quality deviation due to strip waves generated in the hot rolling process of steel plants by applying deep learning-based image detection technology. A high-definition camera was installed within the rolling mill to collect strip wave image data. The collected data were preprocessed using the concatenation technique to partition the high-performance images. This study developed an image detection model using the U-net architecture, a deep learning-based Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) algorithm proposed for image segmentation. As a result of testing the detection accuracy, the developed model achieved a 97.91% of detection rate. The deep learning-based image detection model developed in this study can potentially enhance the quality and productivity of steel products.

The objective of this research is to propose an architectural design with bioclimatic criteria that affects the quality of life of users of high Andean rural housing in Cajamarca, where the lack of comfort is due to multiple factors, one of which is low economic levels. of the area, the presence of frosts and cold waves that are causing serious health damage to the population, such as respiratory diseases, low educational performance. The methodology consisted in the application of bioclimatic criteria in the design to seek the comfort of the users, such as (climatic analysis, eco-friendly materials, construction systems), also supported by digital tools (AutoCAD, SketchUp, Lumion and Design Builder). As a result, a rural house model was obtained, which applies multiple active and passive strategies and achieves illuminated environments 12 hours a day, properly ventilated and reaching interior temperatures between 18°C and 24°C in an environment where temperatures oscillate between -0.1ºC and 24ºC. In conclusion, the strategies help to reduce the effects of climate change and allow the use of climate resources.